小學生英語閱讀常見五大題型與解題技巧
在國小英語考試中，閱讀理解一直是家長與孩子相當關注的題型。國小階段的閱讀理解題目形式靈活多樣，但主要可分為五種題型，而不同的題型其實也各有對應的解題技巧。
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一、讀一讀，然後選一選
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這類題型通常會在短文後提供幾個不完整的句子，或是根據短文內容提出的問題，每個題目會附上三到四個選項，要求學童在正確理解短文內容的基礎上，從中選出正確答案。
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這類試題的問題通常緊扣短文內容，可能涉及文章中的細節，例如出現的人物、時間、地點、事件的前因後果；也可能涉及文中某個詞句的含義，或是文章的主旨、大意與標題。
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The big day comes at last!
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Mrs Jones’ third grade students are waiting quietly for her to come into the classroom. Today Amy brings some cakes, Joy brings some napkins, Carlos brings some soda water and Kate brings some cups. Everyone wants the party to be a surprise. Mrs Jones doesn’t know the children have known today is her birthday. When she comes into the classroom, the children shout, “Happy birthday, Mrs Jones!”
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And then the children get a surprise, too. Mrs Jones brings everyone a party hat and an ice cream!
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閱讀短文，選出最佳答案。
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( ) 1. Mrs Jones’ ______ grade students are waiting for her. A. three B. third C. No.3 D. the third
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( ) 2. Carlos brings some ______. A. cola B. napkins C. soda water D. cups
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( ) 3. ______ brings some cakes. A. Amy B. Carlos C. Joey D. Kate
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解析
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第1題，短文第二句提到是瓊斯老師「三年級」的學生在等她。年級前應使用序數詞，若在年級後則用基數詞，例如：the third grade 等同於 Grade Three。此外，因前面已有所有格 Mrs Jones’，此處不需再加 the。
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第2題與第3題，短文介紹了幾位同學各自帶來的物品：卡洛斯帶了 soda water（汽水），艾米則帶了蛋糕。
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正確答案：1. B 2. C 3. A
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二、讀一讀，然後判斷句子正誤
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此類題型會在短文後列出幾個句子，要求學童根據短文內容，判斷句子是否與原文相符。作答時需仔細對照短文，常見的考法是辨別意思相近或相反的句子，或是透過換詞、改寫句子結構來測試對同一意思的不同表達是否理解。
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There are some public numbers. Do you know when to use these numbers? 110 is a number for calling policeman when you have met some illegal things. 119 is a number using for a fire accident. 120 is a number for asking medical help when somebody is serious ill or hurt. Please do not dial these numbers for fun. It is forbidden.
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閱讀短文，判斷正(T)誤(F)。
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( ) 1. When you meet some thieves, you can call 110.
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( ) 2. Somebody is serious ill, you can call 119.
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( ) 3. There is a fire accident in your building, so you can call 119.
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( ) 4. A girl was hurt by a car, you can call 120.
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解析
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這篇短文介紹幾個常用公共號碼的用途。理解後即可判斷句子正誤。
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第1題：遇到小偷時應撥打110。110正是用於舉報違法事件，故此題正確。
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第2題：有人重病應撥打119。119是火警求救專線，故此題錯誤。
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第3題：建築物發生火災應撥打119。判斷正確。
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第4題：女孩被車撞傷應撥打120。120是醫療急救專線，應先送醫，故此題正確。
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正確答案：1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T
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三、讀一讀，然後回答問題
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這類題型要求根據問題寫出完整且正確的句子。聽起來可能有點難，但實際作答時可以盡量簡潔。回答時句子越簡單越好，答案明確扼要，能用一個詞就不要用兩個，只要能正確回答問題即可。
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There are seven days in a week. They are Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday. Sunday is the first day of the week. Saturday and Sunday are the weekend. Usually, we have a rest on the weekends. The other five days are weekdays. We usually go to school or work during weekdays. Nobody likes Monday, because we have a good time on Sunday and we don’t want to study or work any more.
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閱讀短文，然後根據短文內容回答問題。
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1. How many days are there in a week?
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2. What are they?
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3. What is the first day of the week?
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4. What is the weekend?
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5. When do we usually go to school?
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解析
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第1題：問一週有幾天，用 seven 回答即可。
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第2題：問有哪幾天，短文第二句已列出。
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第3題：需記住一週的第一天是星期日（Sunday）。
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第4題：週末是指星期六和星期日。
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第5題：問通常何時上學，答案應是工作日（weekdays）。
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正確答案：
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1. There are seven.
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2. They are Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday.
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3. Sunday.
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4. Saturday and Sunday.
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5. During weekdays.
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四、讀一讀，然後根據短文內容填空
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這類題型會提供一篇改寫或縮寫過的短文（或幾個句子），其內容與原短文相同，但文中留有若干空格，要求學童在每個空格填入一個詞，使文意與原短文一致。
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The English people like take-away food. The most popular food is fish and chips. They usually go to a fish and chips shop. They put the food in paper bags, and take it home, or to their work place. At lunch time, many people eat take-away food in the park. Chinese take-away food is also very popular in England. People in the USA and Australia like Chinese take-away food, too. But the most popular food in the USA is fried chicken.
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閱讀短文，然後填空。
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1. The most popular food in England is ______.
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2. They put the food in ______, and take it home, or to their work place.
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3. At lunch time, many people eat ______ food in the park.
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4. Chinese take-away food is also very ______ in England.
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5. The most popular food in the USA is ______.
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解析
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第1題：第二句指出，在英國最受歡迎的食物是魚和薯條（fish and chips）。
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第2題：第四句提到，他們把食物裝進紙袋（paper bags）帶走。
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第3題：文中說明午餐時間，許多人會在公園吃外帶食物（take-away food）。
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第4題：後文提到中式外帶食物在英國也很受歡迎（popular）。
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第5題：最後一句指出，在美國最受歡迎的食物是炸雞（fried chicken）。
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正確答案：1. fish and chips 2. paper bags 3. take-away 4. popular 5. fried chicken
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五、讀一讀，然後畫一畫
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這類題型要求學童先讀懂短文，再根據內容畫出相關的圖畫。需特別注意短文中描述的細節，必須在畫中呈現出來。
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Aunt Mary is coming, but Tom’s mother is too busy to pick her up. So she asks Tom to pick aunt Mary up. But Tom did not meet her for a long time. So his mother asks Tom to find as following: She is at the bus station. She is a tall woman with long black hair. She is wearing a green dress, a brown hat and a pair of boots. She is holding a handbag. Can Tom find her?
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請根據湯姆媽媽的描述，為瑪麗阿姨畫一幅畫，幫助湯姆更容易找到她。
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解析
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短文第二段描述了瑪麗阿姨的外貌特徵：她是位長長黑髮的高個子女性（a tall woman with long black hair），身穿綠色連身裙、頭戴棕色帽子、腳穿靴子（wearing a green dress, a brown hat and a pair of boots），手上還拿著一個手提包（holding a handbag）。
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理解這些描述後，就能畫出正確的圖像。別忘了幫畫塗上顏色喔！
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總而言之，英語閱讀理解的解題技巧可以歸納為以下幾點：
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1. 如果文章很長，但題目很少，可以先快速略讀一遍，再帶著問題回到文中查找答案。
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2. 如果文章很短，題目卻很多，則應先仔細閱讀全文，再開始作答。遇到不確定的題目，再針對該問題回頭查閱相關細節。
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3. 如果問題涉及數字、人名、地名、時間等具體資訊，可以直接用查閱的方式尋找答案，也可以先略讀再進行查閱。
